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2022 Vol. 31, No. 2 Published: 2022-06-30 Research papers        Research papers 47 Characterization of Congestive Heart Failure by the Pattern of Diurnal Rhythm Based on Heart Rate Variability WANG Zhi-gang, ZHANG Zheng-guo, PENG Yi The impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a close relationship to morbidity and mortality for congestive heart failure (CHF). This study is aimed to investigate the possibility to characterize CHF by the pattern of diurnal rhythm based on heart rate variability (HRV). Two datasets of CHF (n=44) were from PhysioNet. And the datasets of the normal from THEW (n=189). Two 2 h episodes representing day and night in resting state were selected in each Holter record. Measures concerning time domain, AR model-based analysis, symbol dynamic analysis, and non-Gaussian indexes (λ) were calculated in each episode. The diurnal rhythm was represented by the ratio of an index in the day to that at night. Results demonstrated different patterns of diurnal rhythm among the normal, mild CHF (NYHAI-II) and severe CHF (NYHA III-IV), reflecting the changes in sympathetic and vagal interaction from reciprocal function to accentuated antagonism due to CHF. Furthermore, using RRIn,(LFnu)d/(LFnu)n and λd/λn, the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating the normal and CHF reached 95.45% and 95.24%; And for discriminating between mild CHF and severe CHF were 84.38% and 91.67%. Our proposed method is promising in assessing the ANS state and monitoring therapeutic effects for CHF patients. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 47-55 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5212 KB)  ( 5 ) 56 Biomechanical Properties of Bilateral Puncture PVP and Unilateral Curved PVP CHEN Tian-shun, OU Qing-bin Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties of bilateral puncture PVP and unilateral curved PVP. Methods: Twenty old sheep spine models were taken as research specimens in this experiment, which were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 10 in each group. The specimens were made into a compressive spinal fracture model and treated with bone cement for vertebroplasty. In the control group, 1.5 ml of bone cement was injected into one side through bilateral puncture PVP. In the experimental group, a total of 3 ml of bone cement was injected through the unilateral curved PVP. The exudation of bone cement was observed and a CT examination was performed. Mechanical experiments were performed on the two groups of experimental specimens, and the compressive strength and stiffness of the two groups were counted and compared. Results: The initial height of the spine in the experimental group and the control group were (18.52±0.84) mm and (18.42±0.86) mm, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After compression, the height of the vertebral bodies decreased significantly in both groups. With (10.36±2.33) mm in the experimental group and (10.51±2.41) mm in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) compared with that before compression, and there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). After the PVP operation of the two groups, there was no bone cement exudation. The specimens in the control group had an ultimate compressive strength of (1752.52±55.21) N and a stiffness of (208.51±11.02) Nwm/m. The compressive strength and stiffness of the experimental group after PVP were: (3052.51±85.24) N, (235.25±10.35) Nwm/m. The difference was significant compared with the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of PVP in the treatment of spinal osteoporotic compression fractures can effectively increase the compression resistance of the spine while restoring the anatomical structure of the spine, so mechanical requirements are met, and the surgical method is safe. Implementation of bone cement injection using unilateral curvature of the spine can result in better spinal compression resistance, which has high promotion and application value. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 56-63 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4940 KB)  ( 4 ) 64 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Syphilis Dry Blood Spot Samples CUI Zhi-gang, DU Yan-li, JIANG Yu-shan, ZHENG Lu Objective: To explore the feasibility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting syphilis dry blood spots. Methods: Based on dry blood spot samples, laboratory linear dial, laboratory basic dial, laboratory interference dial, and laboratory precision dial were constructed. The linear range, sensitivity, specificity, precision and other performances of ELISA for detecting syphilis dry blood spot samples were comprehensively evaluated, and the stability of dry blood spot samples at 37℃ was detected. In addition, 112 suspected syphilis antibody-positive plasma samples were selected as the control, and dry blood spot samples were prepared accordingly. The clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of dry blood spot samples and plasma samples in ELISA for syphilis detection were compared, and the consistency and correlation between the two samples were analyzed by the Kappa consistency test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: The results of the linear analysis showed that the serial dilution of dry blood spot samples in ELISA for syphilis antibody ranged from 23 to 27, and there was a good linear range [R2=0.9862(P<0.05)]. Sensitivity and specificity analysis showed that the positive coincidence rate and negative coincidence rate of the two detection methods were 100% (15/15). The results of the interference dial test showed that ELISA based on dry blood spot samples could accurately detect 6 syphilis antibody samples from 18 samples, and the detection accuracy rate was 100.00% (6/6). The results of the precision test showed that the RSD of syphilis antibody detection in dry blood spot samples with different dilution times (23, 25 and 27) was 0.24% to 3.87% between spots, 0.06% to 4.07% between batches and 0.49% to 3.88% between days. Within 7 days, the inter-day RSD of dry blood spots with different dilution times (23,25,27) were 0.27%, 0.65% and 0.95%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of dry blood spot samples in ELISA detection of syphilis antibody were 96.00%(72/75), 100.00%(37/37), 100.00%(72/72) and 92.50%, respectively. The results of the Kappa consistency test and Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the Kappa value of the two methods was 0.941(P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient ρ between the S/CO ratios of the two methods was 0.211 (P<0.01). The comparison of S/CO ratio results showed that the distribution characteristics of the S/CO ratio between the two methods were similar, and the ratio distribution was relatively concentrated. Conclusion: using dry blood spot samples to perform ELISA for syphilis detection has good precision, strong anti-interference ability and excellent stability. Although false-positive results appear in weak positive samples, it still has a high application value in ELISA for syphilis antibody detection, which can provide an important reference for disease diagnosis. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 64-71 [Abstract] ( 10 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3952 KB)  ( 5 ) 72 Spectrofluorimetry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Detection of Aflatoxins in Chinese Medicinal Materials ZHANG Hao Objective: To analyze the effect of spectrofluorimetry and high- performance liquid chromatography in the detection of aflatoxin in Chinese medicinal materials. Methods: The content of aflatoxin in Chinese medicinal materials was determined by spectrofluorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography respectively, and the effects of the two detection methods were compared. Results: The results of sample detection by spectrofluorimetry showed that except for Angelica and Sophora flavescens with "detection dada error", the other 25 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials were positive for aflatoxin, but the types of aflatoxin derivatives could not be distinguished, and the tested content was generally high. The recovery experiment of mixed reference substance based on the concentration levels showed that the recovery rate of aflatoxin was 93.60%-99.70% in the case of high-performance liquid chromatography, and the RSD was 1.83%-6.70%. The sample detection results by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that among the 18 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, only Radix Peucedani, almond, barley, raw Jianqu and aflatoxin were positive, and the types of aflatoxin derivatives could be accurately differentiated. Conclusion: Compared with spectrofluorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography is more accurate in the determination of aflatoxin content in Chinese medicinal materials, which can distinguish the types of aflatoxin derivatives. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 72-78 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3701 KB)  ( 3 ) 79 The Function of Surfeit 4 Gene in vivo ZHAO Yan, YU Hong Surfeit 4(Surf 4), one of the identified housekeeping genes, was previously thought to encode a transmembrane protein that acts as a cargo receptor to maintain basic cellular functions. In recent years, Surf 4 gene is overexpressed in some types of cancer, involved in the exosome signaling pathway in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and played the role of an oncogene in ovarian cancer stem cells. In this paper, we review the characteristics and protein localization of Surf 4 gene, as well as its possible physiological functions and pathogenesis in various diseases and cancers, expecting to discuss its clinical application value. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 79-86 [Abstract] ( 11 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4744 KB)  ( 13 ) 87 An EEG Acquisition System with Dynamic DC Suppression GAO Dong-rui, LIU Tie-jun, CAI Jia, SHI Xun, DING Chao, XU Peng, YAO De-zhong A three op-amps instrumentation amplifier (I.A) is one of the most important segments in the electroencephalographic (EEG) acquisition system, which is used to suppress the interference of the common mode noise. However, electrode and op-amps offset voltages could saturate the I.A, so the ability of noise suppression for the I.A might be limited. To compensate for the electrode and op-amps offset voltages and improve the property of the I.A, the optical-isolated technology was used in the present study. This paper described the theory of DC suppression and employed the simulation software(i.e. Multisim10.0.) to demonstrate the constant<urrent source of the optical-isolated device comprised of general-purpose optocouplers. Using this technology we designed and tested an EEG acquisition system. During the test, a constant current was generated by the optocoupler (the MOTOROLA 4N35) when DC offset voltages from 0 to 15 mV were imposed on the input signal in the EEG acquisition system and the value of load resistance in the optical-isolated device was from 3 k to 15 kom. We also found that the IA with the gain of 857 could effectively reject a DC input range of ±15mV. And An EEG signal is obtained by the EEG acquisition system, and a CMRR of 104.5 dB was achieved without trimmings. 2022 Vol. 31 (2): 87-92 [Abstract] ( 12 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4876 KB)  ( 4 )

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