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2024 Vol. 33, No. 2 Published: 2024-06-30 Research papers        Research papers 47 Effect of Catechins on Myocardial Injury and Inflammatory Factors in Rats with Coronary Heart Disease under PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway JIANG Hui-qiong, HONG Yan-ling Objective: To discuss the effect of catechins on myocardial injury and inflammatory factors in rats with coronary heart disease under PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 50 healthy adult pathogen-free(SPF)-grade SD rats were divided into five groups by random number table method. Except for the blank group, the other four groups were fed with high fat to construct a rat model of coronary artery disease. After the model was successfully constructed, the blank group and the model group were given saline by gavage, the positive group was given 25 mg/kg aspirin by gavage, the low-dose group was given 20 mg/kg catechin by gavage, and the high-dose group was given 60 mg/kg catechin by gavage. The expression levels of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway-related proteins, myocardial injury markers, myocardial infarction and myocardial inflammatory factors were observed and compared in the five groups. Results: Overall, there were significant differences in the expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-eNOS/eNOS in the five groups of rats(P<0.05); there were significant differences in the expression levels of CK-MB and cTnI in the five groups of rats(P<0.05); there were significant differences in ischemic area, infarct area, and myocardial infarction range in the four groups of rats, except for the blank group(P<0.05); there were significant differences in the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and ET-1 in the five groups of rats(P<0.05). Conclusion: Catechins can reduce the severity of myocardial injury, reduce the range of myocardial infarction, and reduce myocardial inflammation in rats with coronary heart disease by up-regulating expression level of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway-related proteins. Compared with aspirin, high-dose catechins have a more prominent protective effect on the myocardium of rats with coronary heart disease. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 47-53 [Abstract] ( 15 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 3 ) 54 Effect of Down-regulation of MMP-2 by Quercetin on the Migration and Invasion of Uterine Fibroids Cells through the cAMP Signaling Pathway LIN Shu-ping, ZOU Xiao-fen Objective: To investigate the effect of down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) by down-regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway on the migration and invasion of uterine fibroids cells. Methods: A total of 65 female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups after being adaptively fed for 7 d. Except for the blank group, the remaining four groups of rats were injected with 0.05 mg/(100 g·d) estradiol benzoate and 0.5 mg/(100g·d) progesterone into the muscle to establish a uterine fibroids rat model. After successful modeling, the blank group and model group were given 200 mg/(kg·d) physiological saline by gavage, the low-dose group was given 100 mg/(kg·d) mifepristone by gavage, the medium-dose group was given 200 mg/(kg·d) mifepristone by gavage, and the high-dose group was given 300 mg/(kg·d) mifepristone by gavage. After continuous gavage treatment for 21 d, serum and uterine tissues were collected from rats to observe and compare the expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA, estradiol(E2), cAMP signaling pathway related proteins, and the migration and invasive ability of uterine fibroids cells in the five groups of rats. Results: The expression levels of MMP-2 mRNA and E2 in the high-dose group were lower than those in the low-dose group and the medium-dose group, and the expression level of TIMP-2 mRNA was higher than that in the low-dose group and the medium-dose group(P<0.05). The number of cell migration in a single visual field of rats in the high-dose group was lower than that in the low-dose group and the medium-dose group (P<0.05). The number of cell invasion in a single visual field of rats in the high-dose group was lower than that in the low-dose group and the medium-dose group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of cAMP, PDE and PK in the high-dose group were higher than those in the low-dose group, and the mRNA expression levels of AC in the high-dose group were lower than those in the low-dose group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of cAMP and PDE in the high-dose group were higher than those in the medium- dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Letrozole may down-regulate the expression level of MMP-2 through the cAMP signaling pathway to inhibit the migration and invasion of uterine fibroids cells. With increasing doses of letrozole, its inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of uterine fibroids cells will be enhanced. However, the optimal dosage of letrozole for inhibiting the migration and invasion of uterine fibroids cells is yet to be determined. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 54-61 [Abstract] ( 17 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 1 ) 62 Effect of Tanshinone IIA on High Glucose-induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Damage in Vascular Endothelial Cells QIU Shui-lin, HUANG Rong, HUANG Jian-qing, QIU Rong-shui Objective: The primary cause of microvascular disease in diabetic complications is long-term hyperglycemia, wherein the damage and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells play a significant role. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been found to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of STS on high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress damage in vascular endothelial cells, as well as its potential protective mechanisms. Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were divided into five groups: low-glucose group, high-glucose group, and three STS groups (STS-a, STS-b, and STS-c). The low-glucose group was incubated with DMEM low-sugar medium containing 5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose, while the high-glucose group was treated with 33.3 mmol·L-1 glucose. The STS groups were exposed to 10, 30, and 50 μg·mL-1 of STS, respectively. Each group was cultured for 72 h, and the MTT method was utilized to assess cell proliferation. Additionally, flow cytometry was employed to monitor changes in cell apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress indicators at 24, 48, and 72 h of cell culture in each group. Results: As time went on, the cell proliferation ability and apoptosis rate of each group gradually increased. The high-glucose group exhibited lower proliferation ability compared to the other groups. The STS-c group demonstrated the highest OD value for proliferation ability(24 h: 1.19±0.12; 48 h: 1.20±0.13; 72 h: 1.25±0.12), but it was still lower than that of the low-sugar group. Notably, the high-glucose group had the highest cell apoptosis rate, while the low-glucose group had the lowest. The apoptosis rate of the STS-c group (24 h: 8.02±0.13; 48 h: 10.10±0.12; 72 h: 13.18±0.11)% was between that of the low-glucose group and the high-glucose group, and lower than the STS-a and STS-b groups. Furthermore, the high-glucose group exhibited the highest malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase activities, as well as superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide levels, whereas the low-glucose group showed the opposite pattern. The oxidative stress damage-related indicators of cells in the three STS groups were between those of the high-glucose and low-glucose groups, with the STS-c group displaying the most significant changes. Conclusion: Tanshinone IIA has a potential therapeutic effect on high glucose-induced vascular injury by improving the oxidative stress state of vascular endothelial cells and reducing cell apoptosis, which suggests a new strategy for preventing and treating diabetes-related microangiopathy. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 62-68 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 2 ) 69 Effect of Moderate Oxygen Preconditioning on Pulmonary Function and Electrophysiological Properties of Hippocampal Neurons in Rats with Lung Cancer ZENG Fan-pei, ZHANG Jing-min, LAI Ru-jing Objective: To observe the effect of moderate oxygen preconditioning on pulmonary function and electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons in rats with lung cancer. Methods: By establishing a lung cancer surgery model in rats, the experimental animals were randomly divided into model group, surgery group, oxygen treatment group A, oxygen treatment group B, and oxygen treatment group C. Lung cancer group was not treated, lung cancer surgery group underwent surgery to remove lung tissue, oxygen treatment group A received oxygen pre-treatment at a concentration of 1-3 L/min, oxygen treatment group B received oxygen pre-treatment at a concentration of 4-5 L/min, and oxygen treatment group C received oxygen pre-treatment at a concentration of 6-8 L/min. After operation, Morris water maze behavior was observed, lung function indicators were measured by lung function test, and the amplitude and frequency of micro-excitatory postsynaptic current of hippocampal neurons in rats were detected by electrophysiological membrane clamp. Results: Lung cancer surgery would have an effect on the spatial memory in lung cancer rats, and the spatial memory ability of oxygen-treated group A, group B and group C was improved compared with that of the surgery group. FEV 0.3 (forced expiratory capacity at 0.3 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) in the oxygen-treated group B were significantly higher than those in the model group, in which the improvement of FEV 0.3 and FVC reached (3.32±0.42) mL and (3.79±0.82) mL, respectively. The FEV 0.3/FVC ratio of 87.04±1.44 in oxygen-treated group B was higher than that of the model group and surgery group. The post-synaptic current frequency (3.73±0.27) Hz and post-synaptic current (13.74±0.26) pA of oxygen-treated group B were also significantly increased compared to other groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Moderate oxygen preconditioning, especially at a concentration of 4-5 L/min, can exert protective effects on lung and hippocampal neurons in a rat model of lung cancer surgery, helping to improve lung function and alleviate the electrophysiological damage of hippocampal neurons. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 69-75 [Abstract] ( 13 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 3 ) 76 Effect of Allicin on the Formation of Kidney Stones in Rats by Regulating the Expression of OPN and NF-κB Signaling Pathway TU Tao, ZHAO Li-wen, WU Qin-fu Objective: To investigate the effect of allicin on the formation of kidney stones in rats by regulating the expression of osteopontin(OPN) and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 50 healthy adult male SD rats with SPF grade were selected and divided into five groups by random number and computer random combination, with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the other four groups were given 2 mL/d mixed solution of 1% ethylene glycol+2% ammonium chloride to construct the nephrolith model. During the modeling process, the blank group and the model group were given normal saline by gavage. The positive group was given 600 mg/(kg·d) of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granules by gavage, the low-dose group was given 7.5 mg/(kg·d) of allicin by gavage, and the high-dose group was given 15 mg/(kg·d) of allicin by gavage. After administration, renal function, urine related indicators, calcium oxalate crystallization score, OPN protein expression and NF-κB signaling pathway- related protein expression were observed and compared among the five groups of rats. Results: There were significant differences in kidney index, urea nitrogen(BUN) and blood creatinine(Cr) levels among the five groups(P<0.05). There were no differences in kidney index, BUN and Cr levels between the high-dose group and the positive group(P>0.05), and were all lower than those in the model group and low-dose group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of oxalic acid(OA), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), and phosphorus(P) in the urine of five groups of rats(P<0.05). The high-dose group showed no difference in the levels of OA, Ca, Mg, and P compared to the positive control group(P>0.05), and all were lower than the model group and low-dose group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the scores of calcium oxalate crystallization and the expression of OPN protein in the five groups(P<0.05). There was no difference in the scores of calcium oxalate crystallization between the high-dose group and the positive group(P>0.05). The expression of OPN protein was higher than that in the positive group (P<0.05), and both were lower than that in the model group and low-dose group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the expression levels of NF-κB inhibitory protein-α(IκB-α) and NF-κB in five groups(P<0.05), and the expression levels of IκB-α and NF-κB in the high-dose group were lower than those in the model group, positive control group, and low-dose group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Allicin may inhibit the formation of kidney stones in rats by down-regulating the expression levels of OPN and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins, and a high dose of allicin can obtain a similar effect of kidney stones inhibition as that of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granules. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 76-84 [Abstract] ( 22 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 1 ) 85 Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma in Stimulating Macrophage Transformation into M2 Type under AMPK Signaling Pathway ZHONG Chang-rui, FU Chun-hua Objective: To explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma(RPR) in stimulating the transformation of pro-inflammatory(M1) macrophages into antiinflammatory(M2) under the adenosine-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathway. Methods: Rat peritoneal macrophages(RAW264.7) were cultured and randomly divided into 8 groups: blank control group, LPS group, RPR group A, RPR group B, LPS+RPR(12 h) group, LPS+RPR(24 h) group A, LPS+RPR(24 h) group B, LPS+RPR(24 h) group C. RPR was prepared based on blood donors. The expressions of AMPK signaling pathway-related proteins(AMPK, ULK1, mTOR) and macrophage markers(iNOS, Arg-1) in the blank control group, LPS group, LPS+RPR(12 h) group and LPS+RPR(24 h) group were observed and compared. The expressions of macrophage markers in LPS+RPR(24 h) B and C groups were compared, and the expressions of AMPK and TGF-β in RPR A and B groups were compared. Results: The gray values of AMPK and ULK1 in LPS cells decreased significantly, while those in LPS+RPR(12 h) and LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells increased significantly. The gray values of AMPK and ULK1 in LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells were higher than those in LPS+RPR(12 h) cells(P<0.05). The mTOR gray value of LPS cells was significantly higher than that of LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells, and the mTOR gray value of LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells was significantly lower than that of LPS+RPR(12 h) cells(P<0.05). The expression of iNOS in LPS cells was significantly decreased, the expression of iNOS in LPS+RPR(12 h) and LPS+RPR(24 h) cells was significantly increased, and the expression of iNOS in LPS+RPR(24 h) cells was higher than that in LPS+RPR(12 h) cells(P<0.05). The expression of Arg-1 in LPS cells was significantly decreased, the expression of Arg-1 in LPS+RPR(12 h) and LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells was significantly increased, and the expression of Arg-1 in LPS+RPR(24 h) A cells was higher than that in LPS+RPR(12 h) cells(P<0.05). The iNOS expression level of LPS+PRP(24 h) C cells was significantly higher than that of LPS+PRP(24 h) B cells, and the Arg-1 expression level was significantly lower than that of LPS+PRP(24 h) B cells(P<0.05). The gray values of AMPK and TGF-β in PRP B cells were significantly lower than those in PRP A cells(P<0.05). Conclusion: RPR can stimulate macrophage transformation from M1 to M2 by up-regulating AMPK signaling pathway. 2024 Vol. 33 (2): 85-92 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 4 )

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