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2017 Vol. 26, No. 3 Published: 2017-09-01 93 Principal Component Analysis and Mesh Morphing Algorithm SHI Xiang-nan, HE Yu-hao The susceptibility of the clavicle to injury underscores its role as an important loading path during both frontal impact and side impact crashes, since clavicle is loaded directly by shoulder belt in frontal impact and through shoulder in lateral impact crashes. This study aims to developing a parametric clavicle finite element model capable of simulating impact responses with different parameters. A statistical clavicle geometry model was developed based on computed tomography (CT) scans from 89 subjects using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate regression analysis. Using this statistical clavicle geometry model and mesh morphing method developed in this study, a series of detailed 3D clavicle geometries were predicted by age, gender, and length of the bone, all of which showed strong effects on clavicle geometry. After assigning material properties and validation process, this parametric model developed in this study can be used to investigate the effects of age, gender and length at the same time. 2017 Vol. 26 (3): 93-104 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 166 ) 105 Modification of PLGA Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering BI Yan-xue, DING Xi-li, ZHOU Gang, LIU Hai-feng, FAN Yu-bo We report this modification of poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, both to impart hemocompatibility to prevent platelet adhesion and aggregation before the endothelial confluence is fully achieved, and to support EC growth to accelerate endothelialization. The modification was achieved by covalent immobilization of sulfated silk fibroin on PLGA scaffolds using gamma irradiation. The systematic in vitro hemocompatibility evaluation revealed that sulfated silk fibroin covalently immobilized PLGA(S-PLGA) scaffolds reduced platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged whole blood clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time(TT), and prothrombin time(PT). Vascular ECs were seeded on the scaffolds and cultured for 2 weeks. The ECs were seen to attach and proliferate well on S-PLGA scaffolds, forming cell aggregates that gradually increased in size and fused with adjacent cell aggregates to form a monolayer covering the scaffold surface. Moreover, it was demonstrated through the gene transcript levels and the protein expressions of EC-specific markers that the cell functions of ECs on S-PLGA scaffolds were better preserved than those on PLGA scaffolds. 2017 Vol. 26 (3): 105-107 [Abstract] ( 44 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 147 ) 108 Application of Laser Speckle Imaging in Infrared Radiation Microcirculation HONG Yun-long Objective: Blood vessels and their corresponding blood microcirculation are closely related to life activities. Different blood flow and microcirculation in the organism often correspond to different physiological and pathological conditions. The main function of microcirculation system mainly by the arteries, capillaries and microvascular and other small blood vessels (<150 μm) composition, is to provide nutrients and oxygen for the organization at the same time, the removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste. Clinical medicine, by monitoring the changes in blood flow can be achieved on diabetes, hypertension, foot ulcers, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and tumor diseases such as early diagnosis or follow-up. Therefore, monitoring blood flow in blood vessels is not only important for studying the functional and disease mechanisms of biological tissues, but also one of the important methods for the clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of diseases.Changes in skin blood flow has been a hotspot in microcirculation research. At present, the commonly used method on studying the microcirculation of blood flow changes in spatial resolution is not high enough or need to add exogenous markers, with the passage of time, the marker content will gradually reduce the impact of follow-up measurement accuracy. This study aims to investigate the application and characteristics of laser speckle imaging (LSI) in the infrared microcirculation. Methods: Firstly, prepare a complete set of infrared therapy instrument model and recruit 10 volunteers,and then using the laser speckle imaging system to monitor 10 healthy volunteers (keep hand not moving during measurement) through the infrared therapy instrument heating with the microcirculation changes in the surface of the blood flow velocity and blood flow in real time changes. Results: Infrared thermotherapy methods lead to skin microcirculation (blood flow and vasomotor), skin temperature and body temperature increased significantly. From the laser speckle image can be seen in 10 volunteers compared with the normal state of the hand, infrared stimulation after the image of the red area increased, that is, blood flow has significantly increased. Conclusion: With far infrared effect on the skin, most of the energy can be absorbed by the skin energy into heat, causing skin temperature rise, stimulating the skin heat receptors, through the thalamus reflex, the vascular smooth muscle relaxation, blood vessels, and blood circulation to speed up. On the other hand, due to thermal effects, causing the release of vasoactive substances, decreased vascular tension, shallow arteries, shallow capillaries and superficial vein dilation, blood circulation improved. Through the laser speckle imaging technology can be effectively monitored under the influence of infrared therapy instrument under the microcirculation of blood flow changes. Laser speckle imaging has achieved real-time monitoring of vascular structure and function due to the advantages of high temporal resolution and large field imaging. However, since the imaging depth of the laser speckle imaging system is affected by the penetration depth of the excitation light in human tissue limit, the current laser speckle imaging is limited to the surface of the blood vessels and blood flow imaging. Therefore, how to deepen the blood vessel flow imaging is an important future direction of the development. 2017 Vol. 26 (3): 108-113 [Abstract] ( 34 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 4894 ) 114 Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution and Elimination of Recombinant Human Homoserine Thymosin α1 in Rats and Mice MA Jian-xiu, LEI Ze-lin, ZHONG Jian-bing, MA Yan-qing, JIN Long Objective: To study the pharmacokinetic, distribution and elimination properties of rhTα1 after intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection in mice and rats. Methods: Competition ELISA was used for testing drug concentration in serum, urine, bile and tissue after administration of rhTα1 in mice (0.16, 0.5, 2.5 mg/kg) and rats (0.32, 1, 5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNolin software. Results: Absorption of rhTαl is rapid in both mice and rats after s.c. administration. The pharmacokinetics in mice are characterized by linear, T1/2 showed a prolongation with increasing dose, 1.10, 1.35, and 1.50 h corresponding to 0.32, 1 and 5 mg/kg respectively, but in rats T1/2 showed no difference among doses. AUC0-∞ showed a clear increase with increasing doses in mice (904.18, 2998.83, and 19001.82 h*ng/mL) and in rats (1327.56±237.00, 2924.53±685.14, and 35286.26±5999.58 h*ng/mL). After i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg rhTα1 in mice, the drug is seen distributed in most organs, the thymus/ serum exposure ratio was higher than others at the 1 and 2 h, the accumulative urinary excretion of primary drug was 32.97%±15.85% within 6 h. Conclusion: The results indicate that rapid absorption, extensive distribution and quick renal excretion were the basic kinetic characteristics of rhTαl after s.c. and i.v. administration. 2017 Vol. 26 (3): 114-128 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 186 ) 129 Urinary C-X-C Motif Chemokines 13: a Noninvasive Biomarker of Antibody-Mediated Renal Allograft Rejection CHEN Da-jin, ZHANG Jian, WENG Chun-hua, JIANG Hong, YANG Hao, CHEN Jiang-hua Objective: Since acute rejection remains one of the major complications which necessitate periodic surveillance, noninvasive diagnostic/prognostic methods are preferred by renal transplant recipients. Here, we explored whether urinary C-X-C motif chemokines 13 (CXCL13) could be a potential candidate to reflect ongoing immune processes within the renal graft. Methods: We investigated urinary CXCL13 levels by a cross-sectional analysis of 146 renal allograft recipients and 40 healthy controls. Besides, a subset of patients (n=57) were followed-up for kinetic monitoring of immune status. Results: Urinary CXCL13/Cr was lower in normal transplants compared to those with acute tubular necrosis (ATN, P=0.001), chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN, P=0.01) and acute rejection (AR, P<0.0001), which yielded a good diagnosis performance of urinary CXCL13 for AR (AUC=0.818, P<0.0001). Interestingly, urinary CXCL13 further distinguished acute antibody mediated rejection (ABMR) from acute cellular rejection, with an AUC of 0.856. Besides, patients with steroid-resistant acute rejection had distinctly greater urinary CXCL13/Cr levels than patients with reversible acute rejection, P=0.001. Follow-up data revealed that urinary CXCL13/Cr varied in line with the occurrence of ABMR. Furthermore, elevated levels of urinary CXCL13/Cr within the first month was predictive of graft function at 3, 6 months, P=0.044 and 0.4. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that monitoring of urinary CXCL13/Cr might be a valuable noninvasive approach for the detection of AR, especially ABMR. Additionally, high urinary CXCL13/Cr levels related to the poor response to steroid treatment and predicted a compromised graft function after AR. 2017 Vol. 26 (3): 129-138 [Abstract] ( 19 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF  (0 KB)  ( 115 )

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